The Working Principle of Tractor Truck

There are two ways of attaching a tractor to a trailer.

The first method involves the fact that the trailer’s front portion rests upon the fifth wheel that is positioned above the trailer section of the tractor. This means that the trailer has a portion of its weight supported by the tractor. This setup is known as a semi-trailer.

The second one is to attach the front part of the trailer to the rear side of the tractor. Here, only the pulling action is given by the 6×4 tractor to the trailer but nothing to bear the vertical load of the trailer. In this system, the trailer is said to be a full trailer.

The operating mechanism of a tractor is solely based on the fifth wheel system. The fifth wheel is held by steel plates on either side and is connected to the mounting plate via pins. It can rotate to a certain extent according to the road situation. The bottom of the fifth wheel is tightly bolted to the trailer, while a lock system on the bottom part, consisting of jaws, pins, rods, springs, and so on, helps it couple securely during the time of operation.

In modern tractors, there is also a traction control system (TCS) also known as "ASR" or "TRC." In this system, the tractor checks the speed of the wheels and the steering inputs. When there is excessive wheel slip during acceleration, this system automatically cuts power from the engine to ensure traction. Such a system is quite useful when traveling on a slippery surface, either made of materials like snow or if it's muddy.

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